stable cell lines  (CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH)

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Mechanistic study of MUC3A in promoting progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the JAK-STAT pathway

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9119

Figure Lengend Snippet: MUC3A is aberrantly upregulated in ccRCC and associated with poor prognosis. (A) Pan-cancer analysis of MUC3A expression across multiple tumor types based on TCGA data, generated using the GEPIA2 platform. Gene expression values are presented as log2(TPM + 1). (B) Differential expression of MUC3A in tumor and normal samples from the TCGA-KIRC cohort (523 tumor samples vs. 72 normal samples). *P<0.05. (C) Western blotting of MUC3A protein expression in HK-2 and RPTEC/TERT1 non-malignant renal epithelial cell lines and ccRCC cell lines (CAKI-1, OSRC-2, 786-O and ACHN). GAPDH was used as a loading control. (D) Western blotting of MUC3A knockdown efficiency in 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following transient transfection with three independent siRNAs targeting MUC3A. si-2 was selected for subsequent functional experiments due to its superior knockdown efficiency. (E) Kaplan-Meier OS analysis of ccRCC patients stratified into high- and low-MUC3A expression groups using the GEPIA2 platform. (F) Kaplan-Meier DFS analysis of ccRCC patients based on MUC3A expression levels. Data are derived from TCGA unless otherwise indicated. MUC3A, mucin 3A; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; GEPIA2, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2; TPM, transcripts per million; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; siRNA, small interfering RNA; si-MUC3A, MUC3A-targeting siRNA; si-Ctrl, non-targeting control siRNA; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; si-1/si-2/si-3, three independent siRNAs targeting MUC3A.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell lines 786-O (cat. no. CL-0010), OSRC-2 (cat. no. CL-0177), Caki-1 (cat. no. CL-0052) and ACHN (cat. no. CL-0021), as well as non-malignant renal epithelial cells HK-2 (cat. no. CL-0109; all from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and RPTEC/TERT1 (cat. no. CRL-4031; American Type Culture Collection), were used in the present study.

Techniques: Expressing, Generated, Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics, Western Blot, Control, Knockdown, Transfection, Functional Assay, Derivative Assay, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Mechanistic study of MUC3A in promoting progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the JAK-STAT pathway

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9119

Figure Lengend Snippet: MUC3A knockdown suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in ccRCC cells. (A and B) Cell proliferation of 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following transfection with si-MUC3A or si-Ctrl, as assessed by CCK-8 assays at the indicated time points. (C and D) Colony formation assays showing the clonogenic capacity of 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following MUC3A knockdown. Representative images and quantitative analysis are shown. (E and F) Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in 786-O and OSRC-2 cells using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining following MUC3A silencing. Representative dot plots and corresponding quantitative results are presented. All experiments were performed with at least three independent biological replicates (n≥3). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. MUC3A, mucin 3A; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; si-MUC3A, MUC3A-targeting siRNA; si-Ctrl, non-targeting control siRNA; PI, propidium iodide; SD, standard deviation; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell lines 786-O (cat. no. CL-0010), OSRC-2 (cat. no. CL-0177), Caki-1 (cat. no. CL-0052) and ACHN (cat. no. CL-0021), as well as non-malignant renal epithelial cells HK-2 (cat. no. CL-0109; all from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and RPTEC/TERT1 (cat. no. CRL-4031; American Type Culture Collection), were used in the present study.

Techniques: Knockdown, Transfection, CCK-8 Assay, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Cell Counting, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Mechanistic study of MUC3A in promoting progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the JAK-STAT pathway

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9119

Figure Lengend Snippet: MUC3A knockdown inhibits the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells. (A) Transwell migration assays showing the migratory capacity of 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following MUC3A knockdown. Quantitative analysis is shown on the right. (B) Transwell invasion assays performed using Matrigel ® -coated chambers to assess the invasive potential of ccRCC cells after MUC3A silencing. (C) Wound healing assays demonstrating delayed wound closure in 786-O and OSRC-2 cells transfected with si-MUC3A compared with si-Ctrl at 24 h. Representative images and quantitative analyses are shown. Scale bar, 100 µm. All experiments were conducted with at least three independent biological replicates. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. MUC3A, mucin 3A; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; si-MUC3A, MUC3A-targeting siRNA; si-Ctrl, non-targeting control siRNA; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell lines 786-O (cat. no. CL-0010), OSRC-2 (cat. no. CL-0177), Caki-1 (cat. no. CL-0052) and ACHN (cat. no. CL-0021), as well as non-malignant renal epithelial cells HK-2 (cat. no. CL-0109; all from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and RPTEC/TERT1 (cat. no. CRL-4031; American Type Culture Collection), were used in the present study.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Transfection, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Mechanistic study of MUC3A in promoting progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the JAK-STAT pathway

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9119

Figure Lengend Snippet: MUC3A is associated with the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in ccRCC. (A) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of genes associated with MUC3A expression based on TCGA-KIRC transcriptomic data. (B) GSEA showing significant enrichment of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in ccRCC samples with a high MUC3A expression. (C and D) Western blotting of total and phosphorylated JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 in 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following MUC3A knockdown. (E) Western blotting showing that STAT3 activation by Colivelin TFA restores p-STAT3 levels in si-MUC3A-transfected 786-O and OSRC-2 cells, accompanied by increased Bcl-2 and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression. (F) Western blotting of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 following MUC3A silencing. GAPDH served as a loading control. All western blotting experiments were repeated independently at least three times. MUC3A, mucin 3A; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; TFA, trifluoroacetate; p-, phosphorylated.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell lines 786-O (cat. no. CL-0010), OSRC-2 (cat. no. CL-0177), Caki-1 (cat. no. CL-0052) and ACHN (cat. no. CL-0021), as well as non-malignant renal epithelial cells HK-2 (cat. no. CL-0109; all from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and RPTEC/TERT1 (cat. no. CRL-4031; American Type Culture Collection), were used in the present study.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Knockdown, Transfection, Control

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Mechanistic study of MUC3A in promoting progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the JAK-STAT pathway

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9119

Figure Lengend Snippet: STAT3 activation partially rescues the effects of MUC3A knockdown in ccRCC cells. (A and B) CCK-8 assays showing that treatment with the STAT3 agonist Colivelin TFA partially restored the proliferation of 786-O and OSRC-2 cells following MUC3A knockdown. (C-F) Flow cytometric analysis demonstrating that Colivelin TFA treatment reverses the apoptosis-promoting effect induced by MUC3A silencing in ccRCC cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from at least three independent biological replicates. Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA as appropriate. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TFA, trifluoroacetate; MUC3A, mucin 3A; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; si-MUC3A, MUC3A-targeting siRNA; si-Ctrl, non-targeting control siRNA; SD, standard deviation; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell lines 786-O (cat. no. CL-0010), OSRC-2 (cat. no. CL-0177), Caki-1 (cat. no. CL-0052) and ACHN (cat. no. CL-0021), as well as non-malignant renal epithelial cells HK-2 (cat. no. CL-0109; all from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and RPTEC/TERT1 (cat. no. CRL-4031; American Type Culture Collection), were used in the present study.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Knockdown, CCK-8 Assay, Cell Counting, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: An Integrated Immunometabolic Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in ccRCC and Identifies UCN -Mediated Immune Evasion as a Therapeutic Vulnerability: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

doi: 10.3390/cancers18091373

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of expression trends of nine IMRGs. ( A ) Differences in signature gene expression between high and low IMI groups in the TCGA database. ns, not significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. ( B ) Differences in signature gene expression between normal kidney tissue samples and ccRCC samples in the TCGA database. ( C – K ) The relative expression levels of signature genes between three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, A498, ACHN) and normal renal tubular epithelial cells, HK2. ( L ) The IHC images compared the expression levels of four signature genes between normal renal tissue samples and ccRCC samples in the HPA database ( https://www.proteinatlas.org , accessed on 1 January 2024).

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell line 786-O (Accession Number: CVCL_1051) and mouse ccRCC cell line Renca (CVCL_2174) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Virginia) and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Procell, Wuhan, China) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Procell, China) and Penicillin–Streptomycin (Procell, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: An Integrated Immunometabolic Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in ccRCC and Identifies UCN -Mediated Immune Evasion as a Therapeutic Vulnerability: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

doi: 10.3390/cancers18091373

Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of UCN promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC. ( A ) Knockdown of the UCN gene in 786-O and ACHN cells, relative mRNA levels in the negative control (NC) group and three siRNA knockdown groups, respectively. **** p < 0.0001 ( B ) The knockdown effect of three siRNAs on the UCN gene at the protein level in two cell lines. The uncropped blots are shown in . ( C ) The proliferation curves of CCK8 in the control group and the knockdown groups of the two cell lines. Any siRNA group has significant statistical differences from the NC group. ( D , E ) Wound-healing assays in control and knockdown groups of the two cell lines. ( F , G ) Transwell invasion assays in control and knockdown groups of the two cell lines.

Article Snippet: Human ccRCC cell line 786-O (Accession Number: CVCL_1051) and mouse ccRCC cell line Renca (CVCL_2174) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Virginia) and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Procell, Wuhan, China) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Procell, China) and Penicillin–Streptomycin (Procell, China).

Techniques: Migration, Knockdown, Negative Control, Control

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Dynamic assessment of the allocation of copper to cytochrome c oxidase using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and validation of CuCOX peak in SEC-ICP-MS chromatogram. A , Top : representative SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms of lysates from 786-O and RCC4 cells grown in 0.14 μM or 30 μM Cu for 48 h. Bottom: UV-Vis absorbance isoplots collected throughout the entire chromatography run. The legend shows the logarithmic scale for absorbance in the isoplot. Note that, because absorbance was measured before the ICP-MS detector, there is a slight shift in the timeline between the chromatogram and the spectra. B , measurement of absorbance from the 5 min fraction presented on a linear scale shows Cu-induced peaks at 420 and 600 nm. C , box whisker plots show relative abundance of Cu measured by SEC-ICP-MS for CuCOX and MTs, and by ICP-MS for total Cu content in 786-O (3 biological and 2 technical replicates) and RCC4 (4 biological and 2 technical replicates) cells. D , Western blot of indicated proteins eluted from the CuCOX peak and the inputs are shown below. E , oxygen consumption rate (OCR) from representative seahorse mitochondrial stress tests in 786-O and RCC4 cells (3 biological replicates). Quantification of basal and maximal respiration (post-FCCP injection), and respiration coupled to ATP production. Means ± SD are shown. p -values for basal respiration in 786-O cells was calculated using a two-tailed, paired t test. F , SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms, quantification of CuCOX and MT peaks, total Cu level, and Seahorse measurements of OCR for RPTEC TH1 and TERT1 cell lines (3 biological replicates and 2 technical replicates). Box-and-whisker plots display median, minimum and maximum values and all individual data points. Unless otherwise indicated, p -values were determined using a two-tailed, unpaired t test. All Cu measurements are normalized to total phosphorus (P). HMW, high molecular weight fraction; LMW, low molecular weight fraction; MT, metallothioneins

Article Snippet: Human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O (RRID: CVCL_1051, ATCC) and RCC4 (RRID: CVCL_0498) and human immortalized renal proximal tubule cells RPTEC cells TH1 (kerafast ECH001) (RRID: CVCL_K278) and TERT1 (ATCC CRL-4031were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Cytiva, SH30023) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 6000–044) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Chromatography, Whisker Assay, Western Blot, Injection, Two Tailed Test, High Molecular Weight, Molecular Weight

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Dynamic assessment of the allocation of copper to cytochrome c oxidase using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galactose induces oxidative phosphorylation and increases Cu content and allocation to CuCOX in 786-O RCC cells. A , schematic representation of the Leloir pathway converting galactose into glucose. B , OCR and mitochondrial ATP production in response to 48 h treatment with galactose ( red ) as compared to glucose ( black ) (3 biological replicates). C , SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms of Cu ( top ) and corresponding UV-Vis absorbance plots in lysates from 786-O cells treated with 10 mM glucose or 10 mM galactose for 48 h. The legend shows the logarithmic scale for absorbance in the isoplot. D , box whiskers show quantification of Cu allocated to CuCOX and MTs, and total Cu content in lysates from 786-O cells grown in glucose- or galactose-containing media (7 biological replicates with 2 technical replicates for each). E , Western blot of total input lysates and CuCOX eluates from 786-O grown in glucose or galactose media. F , Schematic model of mitochondrial electron transport chain along with localization of inhibitors for each complex. G , quantification of SEC-ICP-MS peaks corresponding to Cu in CuCOX and MTs, and total Cu in lysates of 786-O cells treated with media containing glucose, galactose, or galactose with the indicated electron transport chain inhibitors added for 3 h before collection. ROT, rotenone (200 nM, three biological replicates in technical duplicates), IACS, IACS-10759 (1 nM, 3biological replicates in technical duplicates), MET, metformin (25 mM, 3 biological replicates in technical duplicates), AM, antimycin A (1 nM, 4 biological replicates in technical duplicates), MYX, myxothiazol (1 nM, 4 biological replicates run in technical duplicates), KCN, potassium cyanide (0.5 mM, 4 biological replicates in technical duplicates), NaN3, sodium azide (0.5 mM, 4 biological replicates in technical duplicates). Box-and-whisker plots displayed the median, minimum and maximum values, and all individual data points. All p -values were calculated using a two-tailed, unpaired t test and compared the treatment groups with the galactose-only condition.

Article Snippet: Human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O (RRID: CVCL_1051, ATCC) and RCC4 (RRID: CVCL_0498) and human immortalized renal proximal tubule cells RPTEC cells TH1 (kerafast ECH001) (RRID: CVCL_K278) and TERT1 (ATCC CRL-4031were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Cytiva, SH30023) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 6000–044) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Whisker Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Dynamic assessment of the allocation of copper to cytochrome c oxidase using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetics of allocation of 63Cu tracer into CuCOX. A , schematic representation of tracing 63 Cu. B , timeline of 63 Cu tracking into CuCOX. C and D , SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms of exogenous 63 Cu in lysates from 786-O and RCC4 cells at the indicated time points. E and F , quantification by SEC-ICP-MS of exogenous 63 Cu in CuCOX, MTs and total exogenous 63 Cu in 786-O and RCC4 cells. Cu abundance was normalized to Phosphorus (P). In all experiments: n = 4, SEM ± SD are shown; p- values were calculated using a two-tailed, unpaired t test and indicate significance of the difference between 10 or 30 μM Cu compared to 0.14 μM Cu. Experiments were performed in 3 technical replicates twice and a representative experiment is shown.

Article Snippet: Human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O (RRID: CVCL_1051, ATCC) and RCC4 (RRID: CVCL_0498) and human immortalized renal proximal tubule cells RPTEC cells TH1 (kerafast ECH001) (RRID: CVCL_K278) and TERT1 (ATCC CRL-4031were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Cytiva, SH30023) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 6000–044) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Two Tailed Test

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Dynamic assessment of the allocation of copper to cytochrome c oxidase using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Allocation of tracer 63 Cu to CuCOX in 786-O and RCC4 cells chronically grown in low or high Cu media. A , timeline of the experiment: AC, exposure to 30 μM 63 Cu for 48 h of cells grown continuously in low Cu media; CH, exposure to 30 μM 63 Cu for 48 h of cells grown in high Cu media. B , representative examples of Cu SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms from cells grown in Cu low media and exposed to 30 μM 63 Cu for 48 h (AC) or cells grown continuously in media containing 30 μM Cu and then treated with the same concentration of 63 Cu (CH). C , quantification of 63 Cu in total exogenous and endogenous Cu measured by SEC-ICP-MS. D , quantification of 63 Cu in exogenous and endogenous CuCOX peak from SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms. E , representative examples of Zn SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms as described in B. F , quantification of total cellular Zn based on SEC-ICP-MS. G , representative examples of Fe SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms as described in B . H , quantification of total cellular Fe based on SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms. Metals’ abundance was normalized to Phosphorus (P). In all experiments: Means ± SD are shown; n = 4 biological replicates; p - values were calculated using a two-tailed, unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O (RRID: CVCL_1051, ATCC) and RCC4 (RRID: CVCL_0498) and human immortalized renal proximal tubule cells RPTEC cells TH1 (kerafast ECH001) (RRID: CVCL_K278) and TERT1 (ATCC CRL-4031were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Cytiva, SH30023) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 6000–044) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Dynamic assessment of the allocation of copper to cytochrome c oxidase using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Contribution of Cu transporters to the allocation of tracer 63 Cu to CuCOX. A , timeline of experiments for cells cultured under low or high Cu conditions and subsequently exposed to 30 μM 63 Cu for 48 h (AC and CH, respectively) or to 0.14 μM 63 Cu for 48 h (LO). B–E , effects of the knockdowns of indicated transporters on the allocation of exogenous 63 Cu and total content of Zn and Fe measured by SEC-ICP-MS in AC conditions for 786-O ( top ) and RCC4 ( bottom ) cells. F-I , effects of the knockdowns of indicated transporters on the allocation of exogenous 63 Cu and total content of Zn and Fe measured by SEC-ICP-MS in CH conditions for both cell lines. J and K , Western blots showing efficiency of the indicated knockdowns for AC ( J ) and CH ( K ) conditions. L and M , RT-PCR validation of CTR1 KD under AC ( L ) and CH ( M ) conditions. NT-non-targeting siRNA. Metals’ abundance was normalized to Phosphorus (P). N , Western blots showing expression of ZNT1 in RCC4 and 786-O cells and the effectiveness of the knockout. O , effects of the ZNT1 knockout on the total exogenous 63 Cu uptake and 63 Cu allocation to CuCOX, as well as total content of Zn, and Fe measured by SEC-ICP-MS in AC conditions for RCC4 cells. P , SEC-ICP-MS chromatograms of lysates from 786-O cells grown in 0.14 μM Cu, treated with non-targeting (NT) or CTR1 siRNAs, and exposed to 0.14 μM 63 Cu for 48 h. Q , quantification of total 63 Cu, and 63 Cu allocated to CuCOX and MT measured by SEC-ICP-MS in response to CTR1 KD. R , DepMap gene-effect scores distribution and median across all RCC cell lines for five metal transporter genes. A blue dot marks 786-O cell line. Biological replicates: B–I and Q , n = 4 (except for NT treatment in RCC4 in B–E and CTR1 KD in 786-O in F–I where n = 3); L and M , n = 3; O, n = 6. Means ± SD are shown; p - values were calculated using a two-tailed, unpaired t test and comparing the significance of changes caused by specific si/sgRNA to NT si/sgRNA.

Article Snippet: Human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O (RRID: CVCL_1051, ATCC) and RCC4 (RRID: CVCL_0498) and human immortalized renal proximal tubule cells RPTEC cells TH1 (kerafast ECH001) (RRID: CVCL_K278) and TERT1 (ATCC CRL-4031were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Cytiva, SH30023) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, 6000–044) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Knock-Out, Two Tailed Test